Geographical Location
The Municipality of Cantilan is located ont he northeastern part of Mindanao. It is the second town fromthe common boundary of the two Surigao Provinces. It is bounded on North by Pacific Ocean; On the East by the Municipality of Carrascal; On the South by the Municipality of Madrid; and on the west by the province of Agusan del Norte. It is located about 65 kilometers from Tandag. The Capital Town of Surigao del Sur. It has a total land area of 24,010 by which 72% constituted tge forest lands and only 28% has been classified as alienable and disposable.
Climate
Cantilan has distinct dry season but a very pronounced haevy rainfall from November to March. Minimum temperature ranges from 77 F to 88 F and maximum temperature ranges from 88 F to 90 F or and average of 85 F. Average annual rainfall is estimated at 156 inches. Although facing the Pacific Ocean, the municipality lies outside the typhoon belt with exposure placed at 7 percent. During the dry season prevailing winds are the northeast trade winds, but Southeast winds at times bring rain.
Topography
A number of isolated hills and uneven distribution of lowland characterize the area tophography. Coastal plains and swamplands that have considerable economic potentials if properly harnessed are found in Cantian. The southwestern portion of the municipality is generally mountainous and covered with forests. The highest point, which is 1.134 meter above sea level, is located near the Agusan border. Two major surface waterways, the Cantilan and Bacahan rivers empty into the sea within the Cantilan boundaries. The Carac-an River, on the other hands, flows through the Barangay of Cabangahan.
Soil Fertility and Stability
The soil cover in Cantilan Consist mainly of several types of clay loam; and most of the soil found in the flat areas of Cantilan in moderately to high suitable for rice culture, especially if the land is irrigated.
Slope
Approximately 5,504 hectares of the land area of Cantilan fall under slope 0-3 percent; 75 hectares under 3-5 percent; 255 hectares under 5-8 percent; 486 hectares under 8-15 percent; 1,715 hectares under 15-18 percent; and 15,975 hectares fall above 18 percent slope. Barangay Cabangahan, Buntalid and General Island are generally mountainous.
Surfage Drainage
The Cantilan river and Bacahan river is the main water ways of all water from the rice fields and urban drainage, belch to the sea which is the major outlet of water throughout the poblacion and Barangay Pag-antayan. The Carac-an river and Alamio River is the main waterways of all major tributaries from the rice field, spring, creek and drainage canal in the barangay. The Carac-an river is being tapped by the NIA for Cantilan Irrigation System and the Alamio river is also tapped by the Cabas-an Cantilan Irrigation System.
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